异步/等待

原创
ithorizon 4周前 (10-18) 阅读数 30 #Javascript

异步/等待

与 promise 相比,async/await 是一种更新的异步代码编写方式。 async/await 的主要优点是提高了可读性并避免了承诺链。 promise 可能会变得很长、难以阅读,并且可能包含难以调试的深层嵌套回调。

例子

回想一下我们之前的获取。

fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1')
  .then(response => response.json())
  .then(data => console.log(data))
  .catch(error => console.error('error:', error))
  .finally(() => console.log('all done'));

使用 async/await,代码可以重构为如下所示:

async function fetchdata() {
  try {
    const response = await fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1');
    const data = await response.json();
    console.log(data);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('error:', error);
  } finally {
    console.log('all done');
  }
}

fetchdata();

虽然可能多了几行代码,但这个版本更容易阅读,因为它类似于普通的同步函数。此外,如果 .then() 语句内的函数更复杂,则可读性和可调试性将受到更大的影响。 async/await 示例更加清晰。

示例 2:从餐厅订餐

async/await 的结构

async/await 函数有两个基本部分:async 和await。 async 关键字加在函数声明前,await 用于异步任务开始时。

让我们以从餐厅点餐的例子来说明这一点:

// simulate the order process with async/await
async function foodorder() {
  console.log("ordering food...");
  await new promise(resolve => settimeout(resolve, 2000)); // wait 2 seconds for food to be prepared
  return "your food is ready!";
}

// simulate the eating process
function eatfood(order) {
  console.log(order); // this logs "your food is ready!"
  console.log("enjoying the meal!");
}

// simulate continuing the conversation
function continueconversation() {
  console.log("while waiting, you continue chatting with friends...");
}

async function orderfood() {
  console.log("you've arrived at the restaurant.");
  const order = await foodorder(); // place the order and wait for it to be ready
  continueconversation(); // chat while waiting
  eatfood(order); // eat the food once it arrives
}

orderfood();

输出将是

You've arrived at the restaurant.
Ordering food...
While waiting, you continue chatting with friends...
Your food is ready!
Enjoying the meal!

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