使用Python下载的11种姿势，一种比一种高级("Python高效下载技巧：11种进阶姿势解析，助你技能升级")

原创

ithorizon 7个月前 (10-20) 阅读数 18 #后端开发

Python高效下载技巧：11种进阶姿势解析，助你技能升级

一、使用内置库urllib下载文件

Python内置的urllib库是一个非常强劲的网络请求库，可以方便地实现文件的下载。


import urllib.request
def download_file(url, file_path):
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, file_path)
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

二、使用requests库下载文件

requests库是一个明了易用的HTTP库，可以替代urllib实现更高效的文件下载。


import requests
def download_file(url, file_path):
    response = requests.get(url)
    with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(response.content)
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

三、使用aiohttp库异步下载文件

aiohttp是一个赞成异步操作的HTTP库，可以有效地尽或许缩减损耗下载高效。


import aiohttp
import asyncio
async def download_file(url, file_path):
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url) as response:
            with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
                while True:
                    chunk = await response.content.read(1024)
                    if not chunk:
                        break
                    f.write(chunk)
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
asyncio.run(download_file(url, file_path))

四、使用aria2c下载工具

aria2c是一个轻量级的下载工具，赞成多种协议，可以通过Python调用其命令行实现高效下载。


import subprocess
def download_file(url, file_path):
    subprocess.run(['aria2c', '--dir', '.', '--out', file_path, url])
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

五、使用axel下载工具

axel是一个多线程下载工具，可以显著尽或许缩减损耗下载速度。通过Python调用命令行实现下载。


import subprocess
def download_file(url, file_path):
    subprocess.run(['axel', '-n', '10', url, '-o', file_path])
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

六、使用uGet下载工具

uGet是一个开源的下载管理器，赞成多种协议。通过Python调用命令行实现下载。


import subprocess
def download_file(url, file_path):
    subprocess.run(['uget', '-c', '-o', file_path, url])
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

七、使用wget下载工具

wget是一个广泛使用的命令行下载工具，赞成多种协议和功能。


import subprocess
def download_file(url, file_path):
    subprocess.run(['wget', '-O', file_path, url])
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

八、使用Python实现断点续传下载

断点续传下载可以在下载中断后，从上次中断的位置继续下载，尽或许缩减损耗下载高效。


import requests
def download_file(url, file_path):
    headers = {}
    if os.path.exists(file_path):
        headers['Range'] = f'bytes={os.path.getsize(file_path)}-'
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, stream=True)
    with open(file_path, 'ab') as f:
        for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=1024):
            if chunk:
                f.write(chunk)
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

九、使用Python实现多线程下载

多线程下载可以尽或许缩减损耗下载速度，通过将文件分成多个部分同时下载。


import requests
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
def download_chunk(url, start, end, file_path):
    headers = {'Range': f'bytes={start}-{end}'}
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    with open(file_path, 'ab') as f:
        f.write(response.content)
def download_file(url, file_path, num_threads=4):
    file_size = int(requests.head(url).headers['content-length'])
    chunk_size = file_size // num_threads
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=num_threads) as executor:
        for i in range(num_threads):
            start = i * chunk_size
            end = (i + 1) * chunk_size - 1 if i != num_threads - 1 else file_size - 1
            executor.submit(download_chunk, url, start, end, file_path)
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

十、使用Python实现多进程下载

多进程下载可以充分利用多核CPU的优势，进一步尽或许缩减损耗下载速度。


import requests
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
def download_chunk(url, start, end, file_path):
    headers = {'Range': f'bytes={start}-{end}'}
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    with open(file_path, 'ab') as f:
        f.write(response.content)
def download_file(url, file_path, num_processes=4):
    file_size = int(requests.head(url).headers['content-length'])
    chunk_size = file_size // num_processes
    with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=num_processes) as executor:
        for i in range(num_processes):
            start = i * chunk_size
            end = (i + 1) * chunk_size - 1 if i != num_processes - 1 else file_size - 1
            executor.submit(download_chunk, url, start, end, file_path)
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)

十一、使用Python实现基于aria2c的多线程下载

结合aria2c工具和Python实现多线程下载，进一步尽或许缩减损耗下载高效。


import subprocess
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
def download_file(url, file_path, num_threads=4):
    aria2c_options = [
        '--dir', '.', '--out', file_path,
        '--enable-color=false', '--console-log-level=info',
        '--max-concurrent-downloads', str(num_threads),
        '--split', str(num_threads), url
    ]
    subprocess.run(['aria2c'] + aria2c_options)
# 使用示例
url = "https://example.com/file.zip"
file_path = "file.zip"
download_file(url, file_path)