使用Python下载的11种姿势,一种比一种高级("Python下载技巧大揭秘:11种进阶姿势,逐级提升你的技能")
原创在互联网时代,数据获取是每个开发者必备的技能之一。Python作为一种功能强势的编程语言,提供了多种下载文件的技巧。本文将为你揭秘11种Python下载技巧,从基础到高级,助你逐级提升下载技能。
1. 使用requests库下载文件
requests库是Python中一个常用的HTTP库,可以方便地实现文件的下载。
代码如下:
import requests
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
response = requests.get(url)
with open('file.zip', 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
2. 使用urllib库下载文件
urllib是Python标准库中的一个模块,也可以用于下载文件。
代码如下:
import urllib.request
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, 'file.zip')
3. 使用wget命令下载文件
wget是一个在命令行下工作的非交互式网络下载工具,可以通过Python的subprocess模块调用。
代码如下:
import subprocess
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
subprocess.run(['wget', url])
4. 使用curl命令下载文件
curl是一个广泛用于传输数据的命令行工具,同样可以通过Python的subprocess模块调用。
代码如下:
import subprocess
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
subprocess.run(['curl', '-O', url])
5. 使用aiohttp异步下载文件
aiohttp是一个拥护异步编程的HTTP库,适用于Python 3.5以上版本。
代码如下:
import aiohttp
import asyncio
async def download_file(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as response:
with open('file.zip', 'wb') as f:
while True:
chunk = await response.content.read(1024)
if not chunk:
break
f.write(chunk)
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(download_file(url))
6. 使用asyncio和aiofiles异步下载文件
aiofiles是一个拥护异步文件操作的库,可以与aiohttp配合使用,实现更高效的异步下载。
代码如下:
import aiohttp
import asyncio
import aiofiles
async def download_file(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as response:
async with aiofiles.open('file.zip', 'wb') as f:
async for chunk in response.content.iter_chunked(1024):
if chunk:
await f.write(chunk)
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(download_file(url))
7. 使用aiohttp和aiofiles异步下载多个文件
在处理多个文件下载时,可以使用aiohttp和aiofiles库实现异步下载。
代码如下:
import aiohttp
import asyncio
import aiofiles
async def download_file(session, url):
async with session.get(url) as response:
async with aiofiles.open(url.split('/')[-1], 'wb') as f:
async for chunk in response.content.iter_chunked(1024):
if chunk:
await f.write(chunk)
async def main(urls):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
tasks = [download_file(session, url) for url in urls]
await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
urls = [
'https://example.com/file1.zip',
'https://example.com/file2.zip',
'https://example.com/file3.zip'
]
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(main(urls))
8. 使用requests库多线程下载文件
requests库可以与threading模块配合使用,实现多线程下载。
代码如下:
import requests
import threading
def download_file(url):
response = requests.get(url)
with open(url.split('/')[-1], 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
urls = [
'https://example.com/file1.zip',
'https://example.com/file2.zip',
'https://example.com/file3.zip'
]
threads = []
for url in urls:
thread = threading.Thread(target=download_file, args=(url,))
threads.append(thread)
thread.start()
for thread in threads:
thread.join()
9. 使用requests库多进程下载文件
requests库可以与multiprocessing模块配合使用,实现多进程下载。
代码如下:
import requests
import multiprocessing
def download_file(url):
response = requests.get(url)
with open(url.split('/')[-1], 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
urls = [
'https://example.com/file1.zip',
'https://example.com/file2.zip',
'https://example.com/file3.zip'
]
pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=3)
pool.map(download_file, urls)
pool.close()
pool.join()
10. 使用requests库和aria2c下载文件
aria2c是一个轻量级的下载工具,可以通过JSON-RPC接口与Python交互。
代码如下:
import requests
import subprocess
def download_file(url):
data = {
'jsonrpc': '2.0',
'method': 'aria2.addUri',
'params': [[url], {'dir': '.'}],
'id': 'download'
}
response = requests.post('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', json=data)
return response.json()
urls = [
'https://example.com/file1.zip',
'https://example.com/file2.zip',
'https://example.com/file3.zip'
]
for url in urls:
result = download_file(url)
if result['result']:
print(f'Downloading {url}...')
else:
print(f'Failed to download {url}')
11. 使用Python实现断点续传下载
断点续传下载是指在下载过程中,如果出现中断,可以从中断处继续下载,而不是从头起始。
代码如下:
import requests
def download_file(url, filename):
headers = {}
if os.path.exists(filename):
headers['Range'] = f'bytes={os.path.getsize(filename)}-'
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, stream=True)
with open(filename, 'ab') as f:
for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=1024):
if chunk:
f.write(chunk)
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
filename = 'file.zip'
download_file(url, filename)
以上就是Python下载文件的11种技巧,从基础到高级,期待对你有所帮助。在实际应用中,你可以按照需求选择合适的下载方法,尽也许降低损耗下载效能。